My guess was also Crimea, and there were naval batteries ashore.
I'm sure the patch on the foreground gun is damage or staining to the photo, like a series of spots scattered over a wider area that's wider than the gun. The gun looks intact between the spots.
Crimea doesn't exactly explain why the picture was archived as dockyard. My very first guess was that this might have been a mock-up for a display or exhibition.
Roger Fenton was commissioned by the British Government in 1855 to produce a positive impression of the welfare and conditions of the troops in the Crimean war to soften negative criticism at home. His pictures are online at the Library of Congress (
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/). He stayed four months and published 350 photos.
James Robertson had a studio in Constantinople and went to the Crimea on his own account.
Maxwell Mackenzie painted watercolours of the Crimean war. This is a naval battery before Sebastopol, for comparison with the photo:

This is a lithograph he published, now at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.
The main reinforcement seems to be timber, but isn't that wickerwork in the bottom right corner?